深圳城市规划对土地利用的调控效能

The Effect of Urban Planning Control upon Land Use in Shenzhen

城市规划实施效能研究已开始由定性走向定量,引入GIS空间分析技术,利用相关政府部门提供的资料和实地调查资料,以深圳为案例从定性与定量角度系统全面地开展了城市规划对土地利用的调控效能研究。研究结果表明城市规划对土地利用调控效果显著:①城市规划对深圳城市空间结构的控制与引导十分有效,使得其在快速发展过程中仍然保持良好的城市空间结构。②城市规划对特区土地利用的调控效果较好,城市建设基本按照规划进行;而城市规划对特区外土地利用基本失控,城市建设无序蔓延,城市规划没有起到应有的调控作用。③城市规划管理对土地利用也具有重要的调控作用,《建设用地规划许可证》的规划审批用地挤占了大量耕地、园地、林地和水域等,引起了深圳各区域土地利用的巨大变化。

Research on the implementation effect of urban planning has developed from qualitative study to quantitative study. In this way, this paper uses GIS technology, both quantitatively and qualitatively, along with related official materials as well as survey data, to understand the impact of urban planning upon land use of Shenzhen city. Accordingly, marked impacts of planning upon land use have been identified. Aider the 1980s, for instance, though the speed of the practical population increase is far beyond that estimated in urban plans, land use increase is effectively managed according to the plans of both 1982 and 1996. （1） Urban planning has effectively controlled and guided urban spatial structure of the city. Under the backdrop of high speed urbanization, urban structure has successfully kept an optimized structure. （2） Urban planning has successfully controlled the expansion of land use of the inner city, the so-called special economic development zone （SEDZ）. The expansion of the new construction proceeds according to the planning. Nevertheless, the control of land use of the outer city is by no means success. The construction of the size besides the SEDZ has been largely out of control. Urban planning fails to adjust and control the sprawl of land use there. （3） Urban planning management also has significant impact upon the adjustment as well as control of land use. Specifically, the impacts of the authorization of the Construction Land Planning Permission Certificate is prominent, which results in massive engrossment of agricultural land, greens, trees, and waters, and therefore brings about massive change of land use across districts. In addition, a division between the inner city and the outer city is identified in terms of urban planning management. On the one hand, the control of land use within the SEDZ is very successful; on the other hand, however, land use out of the SEDZ is largely ineffective.