中国亿元商品交易市场的集中化与专业化空间态势

Spatial Situation of Concentration and Specialization of Large-scale Commodity Exchange Markets in China

随着中国市场经济的快速发展,商品交易市场的空间集中化和专业化格局均发生了显著变化。通过对2000-2005年中国各地区亿元市场的数据分析,发现亿元市场的空间集中度与市场类型有关,在特殊地理环境和资源基础上发育起来的亿元市场具有较高的空间集中度,且集中度在不同空间尺度下相对稳定;依靠高新技术和先进的工业基础发育起来的亿元市场在地带性层面上具有较低的集中度,而在省区层面上集中度有所升高;具有普遍性消费需求的亿元市场在各种空间尺度下的集中度均较小。亿元市场存在向东部沿海地区和大城市集中的趋向。各省区亿元市场的专业化指数较高,但总体上呈下降态势。统计分析表明:城市化水平、恩格尔系数、市场化水平对亿元市场专业化有较显著的影响,工业行业集中水平、个私经济发展水平和城镇居民可支配收入的影响不明显,而贸易竞争力指数的影响甚微。

Along with the rapid development of Chinese economy, remarkable changes of spatial patterns and specialization level of commodity exchange markets have taken place. According to the spatial analysis of large-scale commodity exchange markets of China from 2000 to 2005, the authors conclude that the concentration degree of large-scale commodity exchange markets is related with market types, those developed based upon the particular geographical environments and natural resources possess relatively high and steady degree of spatial concentration; those developed on the basis of high tech and advanced industries have relatively low degree of spatial concentration at zonal level and relatively high degree of spatial concentration at provincial level; and those developed on the popular consumption demand are provided with rather low degree of spatial concentration at various spatial levels. Meanwhile, large-scale commodity exchange markets tend to be concentrated in the eastern coastal areas of China and large cities. However, their specialization index is high at provincial level, but it drops totally. The statistical regression analysis shows that the level of urbanization, Engel coefficient and the degree of market development have fairly notable impact on the specialization of large-scale commodity exchange markets, but the level of industrial concentration, the development level of private economy and the net income of urban residents have no marked effect on the specialization of large-scale commodity exchange markets, and the index of trade competitiveness has slight impact on it.