高师贫困生自我效能感与主观幸福感的特点及关系研究

A Research on Characteristics and Relationship between Self-efficacy and Subjective Well-being of the Impoverished Students in Normal University

目的分析高师贫困生自我效能感、主观幸福感的特点及关系,为心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用一般自我效能感量表、生活满意度量表、快乐感量表,对218名贫困生和216名非贫困生进行测查。结果1高师贫困生生活满意度、快乐感显著低于非贫困生(t=4.811,P<0.001;t=2.504,P<0.05),自我效能感差异不显著。2高师贫困生自我效能感存在性别差异(t=2.117,P<0.05),男生的自我效能感显著高于女生;生活满意度年级差异显著(F=3.547,P<0.05),大一学生的生活满意度显著高于大二和大三学生,大二和大三之间的差异不显著。3高师贫困生自我效能感与生活满意度、快乐感呈显著正相关(r=0.349,P<0.01;r=0.436,P<0.01)。自我效能感水平越高,幸福感越强。结论高师贫困生主观幸福感相对较低,自我效能感与主观幸福感显著相关,通过提升自我效能感水平可以增强主观幸福感。

Objective To explore the characteristics and relationship between self-efficacy and subjective well-being of the impoverished students in normal university, and to provide substantial evidences for mental health education. Methods General SelfEfficacy Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and Happiness Scale were used for examining 218 impoverished students and 216 non-impoverished students. Results （1）Impoverished students＇ life satisfaction and happiness were significantly lower than those non-impoverished students＇ （t=4. 811, P〈0. 001; t=2. 504, P〈0.05）, but significant difference in self-efficacy not found. （2）There was significant gender differences in impoverished students＇ self-efficacy （t = 2. 117, P〈 0. 05）, male was higher than female. There was significant grades differences in impoverished students＇ life satisfaction （F= 3. 547, P〈0.05）, Grade 1 students have signifcantly higher life satisfaction level than student of other grade, differences of grade 2 and grade 3 were not significant. （3） Correlative analysis showed self-efficacy positive correlated significantly with life satisfaction and happiness（r= 0. 349, P〈0.01; r =0. 436, P〈0.01）. Individuals with high self-efficacy experienced more subjective well-being. Conclusion Impoverished students scored significantly lower than their peers on subjective well-being. Self-efficacy was related to subjective well-being, So we can promote their subjective well-being through improving their self-efficacy level.