南非盲走螨实验种群的发育历期及生命表

Development and life table of the laboratory population of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) transvaalensis

在27℃条件下,以粗脚粉螨Acarus siro L.为饲料饲养观察南非盲走螨Typhlodromus（Anthoseius） transvaalensis（Nesbitt）的生长发育和繁殖情况,组建实验种群生命表。结果表明,南非盲走螨行孤雌生殖,卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨、成螨产卵前期各阶段发育历期分别为2.00,0.72,1.96,1.53,1.77d,完成1个世代发育需7.98d,雌成螨平均寿命14.82d、平均产卵量25.75粒,各种群生命参数分别为：净增殖率R0=25.01,世代平均周期T=13.71,内禀增长率rm=0.23,周限增长率λ=1.26,种群倍增所需日数t=2.95。采用小空间湿度控制法,测定不同湿度对南非盲走螨卵的孵化和成螨产卵的影响。结果表明,卵发育和孵化的最适湿度为75.0%～85.0%,96.0%的相对高湿度对成螨的产卵和存活均有不利影响。以橘全爪螨Panonychus citri McGregor不同螨态为猎物时,南非盲走螨对橘全爪螨幼螨的捕食量最大,日平均捕食量为5.40头,而对橘全爪螨雌成螨则几乎不取食。

The development and reproduction of Typhlodromus （Anthoseius）transvaaleasis （Nesbitt） feeding on Acarus siro L. at 27 ℃ were observed, and the life table of laboratory population was constructed. The results showed that the mite were parthenogenetic, and the developmental duration of eggs, larvae, protonymph, deutonymph and oviposition prophase were 2.00, 0.72, 1.96, 1.53 and 1.77 d, respectively. The development from egg to adult emergence needed 7.98 days. The average life-span and oviposition amount of the female mites were 14.82 d and 25. 75 eggs, respectively. Net reproduction rate R0, mean generation time T, intrinsic rate of increase r,, finite rate of increase g and doubling time t were 25.01,13.71,0.23,1.26 and 2.95 d, respectively. The effect of different humidity conditions on egg production and oviposition was also detected using humidity control in small space. The result indicated that the optimal humidity interval for egg production was 75.5 % - 85.0 %. The development of adults and oviposition were adversely affected by high relative humidity （96.0% RH）. T. transvaalensis prefered the larvae to other stages of Panonychus citri McGregor and the mean number preyed was 5.40 per day. It could hardly prey on the adult of P. citri.