从因子结构比较分析2006年中外优秀十项全能选手比赛成绩

A Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Outstanding Foreign and Chinese Decathlon Athletes in 2006 by Factor Structure

在搜集2006年度世界前150名与国内前20名顶级选手的比赛成绩后,作数据录入处理并利用统计软件SPSS 11.0进行因子分析。对比分析国内外优秀运动员比赛成绩的因子载荷矩阵,得出制约国内选手的成绩发展内在因素是国内选手的基础素质相对较弱,特别是力量因子上与国外选手存在显著差异,整体水平偏低。明确一流十项全能选手的总体因子结构是以力量(绝对力量)、速度、耐力以及弹跳技术为主要的影响因子,在此基础上对国内十项全能的选材、训练、比赛的调节等提出建议:增强弹跳能力,提高耐力水平,注意力量性训练的合理把握。我国选手弹跳项目水平突出,应继续保持。注意科学选材,男子十项全能运动员应是身材高大、体重轻、速度快、反应快,动作协调的选手。加强运动员的思想意志品质教育,提高训练及比赛时的心理素质。合理引进国外选手的训练方法,加强国内外教练员之间的交流与互动。

After collecting the data of the performance of 150 world top decathlon athletes and 20 top Chinese athletes in year 2006, the authors of this paper have made data entry and conducted factor analysis by statistical software SPSS11. 0. By a comparative analysis of the load factor matrix of the performance of the outstanding foreign and Chinese athletes, it is concluded that the internal factor that constraints the improvement of performance of domestic athletes is their relative weak physical qualities, especially their strength factor, which is at a low level, and with significant differences compared with foreign athletes. It is made clear that the overall influencing factor structure for the top decathlon athletes is composed of strength （absolute strength）, speed,endurance and bouncing skill and based on this, the following suggestions are proposed as to the selection, training and adjustment of competition for the event of decathlon in China. Bouncing abilities and endurance level should be improved and there should be an appropriate training of strength. The Chinese athletes should sustain their advantage in events related to bouncing abilities. Selection of athletes should be very scientific and male decathlon athletes be candidates of tall built,light weight, fast speed, instant response and harmonious actions. Athletes＇ cognitive ideology and moral and will education should be enhanced including their psychological qualities during training and competition. International training methods of athletes should also be introduced and the communication and interaction between foreign and Chinese coaches should be encouraged.