安徽省5岁以下儿童营养监测分析

The Analysis on Nutrition Monitoring of Children Aged<5 in Urban and Rural Areas

目的研究5岁以下儿童营养状况,为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法选择1个城市监测点和1个农村监测点,每个监测点抽取5岁以下儿童600名及其母亲。调查内容包括儿童健康与膳食调查、母亲健康调查及家庭调查3部分。结果我省婴儿出生体重为3312±475g,低出生体重率为3.7%,农村高于城市;5岁以下儿童生长发育迟缓患病率为4.1%,农村高于城市(5.2%>3.1%);5岁以下儿童低体重患病率为2.3%,农村高于城市(2.5%>2.1%);儿童呼吸系统两周患病率城市高于农村(38.4%>34.8%),儿童腹泻两周患病率农村高于城市(12.0%>8.9%);农村点婴儿纯母乳喂养率要高于城市点(63.4%>55.8%);城乡2岁以下儿童辅食添加行为得到了明显改善;城乡儿童贫血患病率分别为11.2%和10.1%;城市点有14.6%的母亲体重过低,高于农村点11.5%;城乡母亲贫血患病率分别为14.6%和17.7%。结论农村儿童的营养健康状况低于城市儿童,这在一定程度上与其母亲的健康状况、受教育程度、看护时间和经济能力有关。

Objective To acquire necessary data for developing children - related nutrition interventions. Method 2 monitoring spots were selected with each having 600 children aged 〈 5 and their mothers as subjects. The monitoring contents included 3 parts, i.e. child health - nutrition survey, mother health survey and household survey. Result Average birth -weight of infants was 3312 ＋475 g. Prevalence of under -birth -weight was 3.7%, one of stunting was 4.1%, underweight was 2.3%, all with higher in rural spot than urban one. Two - week prevalence of respiratory disease and diarrhea of children were 36.4% and 10.4% respectively. There was higher rate of breastfeeding in rural area than urban one（ 63.4% 〉55.8%）. Children＇ complementary feeding behavior had significantly been improved both in urban and rural spots. Prevalence of anaemia of children in urban and rural spots were 11.2% and 10.1% respectively. Prevalence of underweight of mothers in urban and rural spots were 14.6% and 11.5% respectively. Prevalence of anaemia of mothers in urban and rural spots were 14.6% and 17.7% respectively. Conclusion The status of health - nutrition of rural children was inferior to urban ones, maybe, this condition was associated with mother＇s health status, education back- ground, look- after time and earning capacity.