火力发电厂职工死亡率10年随访调查

Mortality study on workers of two coal fired power plants: 10 year follow up results

为查明电厂职工死亡率和肿瘤死亡率是否受生产性危害因素的影响，用回顾性队列调查方法对两个热电厂进行了流行病学调查。分别按当地居民全死因死亡率和恶性肿瘤死亡率计算队列预期死亡人数和标化死亡比（ＳＭＲ），按统计工种分组，比较电厂内部各组恶性肿瘤死亡ＳＭＲ。结果表明：两个火力发电厂职工死亡率显著低于当地居民（健康工人效应，队列全死因死亡ＳＭＲ＝０．６３，Ｐ＜０．０５），而队列肿瘤死亡率稍低于当地居民，无统计学意义（ＳＭＲ＝０．８８，Ｐ＞０．０５），但突破了健康工人效应。电厂内部各组肿瘤死亡率以锅炉组最高，锅炉组标化相对危险度（ＳＲＲ）是燃料组的４．５９倍。提示：电厂职工肿瘤死亡率稍有增高，尤其锅炉职工肿瘤死亡率有超量趋势。这种超量趋势可能由于仅使用普通居民为参比人群而被遗漏。

To investigate if the mortality of power plants workers were affected by hazard factors,a retrospective cohort ten year follow up study was carried out among the workers of coal fired power plants,and was compared with local population and different types of work in production respectively.A cohort of 3 632 workers was followed up from 1983 to 1993(35 512.47 person year were supplied),showing 130 deaths,46 of them died from cancers.Compared with the population of the same region,they had the lower risk of death from all causes( SMR=0.63,P <0.05,healthy worker effect),but no significant difference in the risk of malignant neoplasms( SMR=0.88,P> 0.05).Compared with the types of work,the SRR from cancer of boiler workers was the highest.It was 4.59 times that of fuel group′s.The results indicate that the workers of power plants,especially boiler workers are probably at increased risk for death from malignant neoplasms.This increased risk may have been missed in previous studies because of the limitations of only using a general reference population.