恶性血液病患儿医院感染临床分析与护理

Clinical analysis and nursing strategy of nosocomial infection of children with hematologic malignancies

目的探讨儿童恶性血液病患儿医院感染的危险因素及护理对策,为制定医院感染控制的措施提供客观依据。方法回顾性分析2004年1月—2006年12月254例次恶性血液病患儿发生医院感染的特点。结果儿童恶性血液病患儿医院感染率为13.4%,例次感染率为16.4%,其中以呼吸道感染为主,占72.1%,其次是胃肠道、口腔、皮肤软组织感染。病原体以细菌为主,白细胞下降、各种介入性操作、长期住院等是影响感染的因素。结论要以监测资料为依据,制定相应的预防措施,降低恶性血液病患儿医院感染率。

Objective To explore the risk factors and nursing strategy of nosocomial infection of children with hematologic malignancies, and to provide objective evidence for setting up nosocomial infection control measures. Methods A retrospective analysis was applied to the nosocomial infection features, causes and types of 254 cases of hematologic malignancies in the hematology department of our hospital from January 2004 to December 2006. Results The incidence of nosocomial infection in children with hematologic malignancies was 13.4% , which occurred mainly in the upper respiratory tract （70.31% ） followed by infections in the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, skin and soft tissue. The main pathogens were bacteria. The decrease of white blood cells, various kinds of invasive operations and long term ho mi spitalization were predisposing factors of this infection. Conclusion Prevention and control of nosocoal infection are the prerequisite for successful treatment of children hematologic malignancies. The control of nosocomial infection should be directed by the monitoring data. Appropriate and effective preventive measures should be taken with proper nursing care so as to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infection.