中国白话小说中诗词赋赞的蜕变和语言转型

Verse Transformations and Language Changes in Vernacular Fictions of Modern China

中国白话小说中诗词赋赞的兴衰须还原到小说古今变化的动态语境中解释。借助扬州评话的中介进入文学史,可逆推宋代勾栏中的说话,又可将评话与现代小说并置,从艺术形态的差异看小说的古今变化。从勾栏/书台上的"说话"到书面小说文本的定型,保留了大量韵文,也是它销声匿迹的肇端。白话小说的古今演变,大要在韵散共生的表演和章回形式结合的叙述转变为现代白话的多音散文叙述,诗词赋赞的蜕变与白话语言的转型是标志。现代性赋予了小说复杂功能,韵、散分离的古代小说的表达在现代语境中被整合起来,诗词赋赞的韵文描述转型为多音散文叙述。从文体变迁和语言变化多向度切入白话小说中的诗词赋赞,有助于立体地建构中国文学史。

The interpretation of the rise and fall of the verses in vernacular fictions of modern China should be placed against the dynamic context of fiction transformation from the ancient to modern times. In fact, previous studies noticed the rhyme—prose co—existing phenomenon in the printed versions of prompt—books used by popular storytellers in Song Dynasty, but were indifferent to the decline of the verse system. The reason lies in their focus on a static consideration of the textual structures without, however,a historic perspective for the relationship between the Chinese fiction forms and the language transformations through the appearance, development, and decay of the verse system. The present paper is an attempt for filling such a gap.