西方近代民族观念和“华夷之辨”的交汇——再论刘师培对拉克伯里“中国人种、文明西来说”的接受与阐发

Confluence of Modern Western Ethnological Idea and"Chinese Trait":Again on LIU Shi--pei's Acceptance and Interpretation of Lacouperie

清末,以刘师培为代表的革命派知识分子热衷于传播法国汉学家拉克伯里的"中国人种、文明西来说"。所以如此,在于刘师培关注政治行动的学理依据,西方"一民族一国家"的近代民族观念为其"排满建国"理想提供了理论基础,而拉克伯里学说则提供了史实上的支持。不过刘氏对拉克伯里学说的接受,虽以具有西方近代特质的民族观念为支撑,但中国固有的"华夷之辨"的民族意识也深深浸染着他,从而使他的民族观念呈现中西交汇的特色。此一交汇具有内在的矛盾性,在当时并未得到很好的解决。

By the end of Qing Dynasty, LIU Shi-pei, representative of the revolutionary intellectuals, craves for introducing the theory of ＂the Chinese race with western origin＂ by Terrien De Lacouperie, the French sinologist. The reason lies in LIU＇s theoretical basis for his political action. In fact, the western modern idea ＂one nation, one country＂ provides him theoretical foundation for his ideal of ＂eliminating the Man Government and establishing a country of our own＂, and Lacouperie＇s theory supplies him historic support. However, LIU holds a strong Chinese national awareness as well at the same time. There hence comes a confluence that bears essential conflicts which were not properly solved then.