外商直接投资对中国工业行业技术创新的影响研究

A Study on the Effect of Spillovers of Foreign Direct Investment to Chinese Industrial Technological Innovation

以中国37个工业行业为对象、采用面板数据的研究方法对外商直接投资(FDI)的进入与我国产业技术创新的关系进行的实证研究结果发现,FDI对我国工业产业近期的创新效益、创新效率和出口竞争力有着明确的正向溢出,但从技术边缘化的视角看,FDI对我国产业创新的短期市场掠夺、长期技术依赖、企业科研能力萎缩也有着显著的影响。进一步的研究发现,创新投入的强度和投入结构在FDI的技术溢出过程中起了部分中介作用。

In the 21st century, the trend of globalization expands widely and rapidly. As one of the most important drives, foreign direct investment （FDI） has been paid more and more attention for its effects on constructing the technological innovation capability and sustainable strategic competitiveness in the less developed countries. Now there are two different points of view on the effect from the entering FDI to the technological development in China： positive spillovers or negative spillovers. In fact the final result in the most of the empirical researches is an output mixed the two-sided effects. We can not only judge FDI by the final result, but also anatomize it. The research uses production function model based on panel data from 37 industrial enterprises in China from year 1998 to 2003. Most data comes from the yearbook of Chinese Industry and the yearbook of science and technology of China. It supposes that the technological spillovers follows the path from the FDI to the industrial innovative input which includes ＂input structure＂, ＂input intensity＂, then to the industrial innovative output which includes ＂innovative effect＂, ＂innovative efficiency＂, ＂export competitive ability＂, ＂marginalization risk＂. In the first part, the direct model discusses the relationship between innovative output and FDI. There are positive relationships between the entering of FDI and innovation effect, innovation efficiency and export in short time. But from the view of technological marginalization, FDI has strong influences on local companies＇ market reduction, technological dependence in the long run, and R＆D capabilities＇ shrinking. In the second part, the indirect model discusses the relationship of the two innovative output variables mediated by innovative input intensity and innovative input structure. FDI impacts indirectly on innovative efficiency through influencing on innovative input intensity of the industry. And the structure of innovative fund source influences the usage efficiency of the fund and the innovative efficiency. It also partly moderates the relationship between FDI and innovative efficiency. In further study, it finds out that market growth, market competition and technological appropriation have partial mediating effects on the relationship between FDI and innovative input intensity of the industry. In summary, more and more technologies of the industries in China will come from outward sources in the future. The globalization of manufacturing has opened the opportunity window of learning for Chinese companies. And it brings big challenges at the same time.