超支化聚氨酯的合成及应用

Synthesis and Applications of Hyperbranched Polyurethanes

超支化聚合物因其独特的结构和性能逐渐成为聚合物领域的研究热点之一,各种合成超支化聚合物的方法相继被报道。但对于超支化聚氨酯(HBPU)这一类聚合物,由于其官能团的特殊性,很难用传统的方法制得。本文总结了近十几年来制备HBPU的两类主要方法:一种为单单体法(SMM),包括光气法、叠氮化合物法、AA′+B′B2法、高选择性化学反应等;另一种为双单体法(DMM),包括扩链法,低聚物A2+B3法。另外简要介绍了HBPU在固体电解质、相变材料、油墨以及纳米粒子制备等领域的应用。

Hyperbranched polymers have become one of the hotspot in polymer science because of its unique structure and properties. Many methods for synthesizing hyperbranched polymers have been published. But it is hard to use traditional methods to prepare hyperbanched polyurethanes due to its high activity. In this paper, we reviewed two main methods for synthesizing the hyperbranched polyurethanes in recent years. One method is single monomer methodology （SMM）, including the phosgene route, rearrange of carbonyl azide, AA′＋ B′ B2 approach, high selective reaction ; and another one is double monomer methodology （ DMM）, which contain chain extended method and oligomeric A2 ＋ B3 approach. In addition, we introduced its applications in some areas, including solid electroactive, phase change materials, printing inks and preparing nanopaticals.