标准化数字式曲面体层片检测牙周炎患者颌骨骨密度的应用评价

Evaluation of mandibule bone loss of periodontitis with standard digital panoramic tomogram

目的比较牙周炎患者与正常人群下颌骨相关指标的差异,寻找一种简单有效的测量牙槽骨骨密度的方法,探讨牙周炎患者局部骨改变和全身骨改变的相关性。方法应用计算机处理软件在60例牙周炎患者和60例牙周健康者的下颌骨数字曲面体层片上测量牙槽骨骨密度(用灰度值表示)和骨高度、颏孔区下颌骨下缘皮质骨厚度(CW)、曲面体层下颌指数(PMI)。用SPSS 12.0软件对数据进行统计学处理。结果牙周炎组牙槽骨灰度值、牙槽骨骨高度、CW和PMI分别为106.08±23.95、(8.76±2.27)mm、(3.80±0.82)mm和0.31±0.06;牙周健康组的4项测量指标分别为113.33±23.79、(11.85±1.62)mm、(4.27±0.70)mm和0.33±0.06。经统计学检验,两组牙槽骨灰度值、牙槽骨骨高度和CW有统计学差异(P<0.05),而PMI无统计学差异(P>0.05);牙槽骨灰度值、牙槽骨骨高度、PMI与CW均有相关关系(P<0.05),而牙槽骨灰度值、牙槽骨骨高度与PMI无相关关系(P>0.05)。结论建立在标准化数字式曲面体层片的计算机灰度法是一种简单有效的测量牙槽骨骨密度的方法。与正常人相比,牙周炎患者的牙槽骨骨高度和骨密度有所降低,下颌骨下缘皮质骨吸收变薄。

Objective To compare the mandibular indices differences between periodontitis and non-periodontitis subjects by digital panoramic tomograms in order to find a simple and effective method to evaluate the density of alveolar bone and study the relativity between local bone loss and systemic bone loss. Methods Standard digital panoramic tomograms of sixty periodontitis subjects and sixty non-periodontitis subjects were taken. Density and height cortical width （CW） and panoramic mandibular index （PMI） of alveolar bone were measured on the digital panoramic tomograms. SPSS 12.0 was used for statistics analyses. Results The periodontitis subjects had lower height of alveolar bone（8.76 mm vs. 11.85 mm, P=0.000）, lower density of alveolar bone（106.08 vs. 113.33, P=0.034）, thinner cortical width O.80 mm vs. 4.27 mm, P=0.008）, while the difference of PMI between the two groups was not significant （P〉0.05）. The relativity between both density and height of alveolar bone with CW was significant （P〈0.05）, but not significant with PMI （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The optical method is a simple and effective method to measure the density of the alveolar bone. Compared with the non-periodontitis subjects, the periodontitis subjects not ouly have alveolar bone changed significantly but also have thinner cortical width.