围绝经期妇女症状的相关因素及预防策略

Correlative factors analysis and prevention of perimenopausal symptoms

目的了解围绝经期妇女症状的发病率、发病相关因素及其预防策略。方法采用围绝经期症状评分表，即Kuppeerman绝经指数（Kupperman menopausal index，KMI）、生活事件量表、改良社会支持评定量表和自拟的一般资料调查表对146例围绝经期妇女进行调查。结果112份有效资料进入分析，围绝经期妇女症状的发生率为75．0％，其中轻度58．0％、中度15．2％、重度1．8％。居住环境、自我情绪控制能力、既往妇科病史、抑郁症史、痛经、经前期综合征、绝经、生育胎儿数目、生活事件量表总分、改良社会支持评定量表总分是围绝经期妇女症状的主要影响因素。结论围绝经期妇女症状发生率高，其发病除与性腺功能减退有关外，还与社会、家庭及精神因素有关。针对病因进行预防，可减少围绝经期妇女症状的发生率，提高妇女生活质量。

Objective To investigate the incidence, correlative factors and prevention of perimenopausal symptoms. Methods 146 perimenopausal women were investigated by using Kupperman menopausal index（KMI）, life event scale,improved social support scale and self-made inventory. Results We got 112 available data, the incidence of perimenopausal symptoms was 75.0% , 58.0 % was mild, 15.2% was moderate, 1.8% was severe. The main correlative factors of perimenopausal symptoms were inhabited environment, self emotional controllability, history of gynecologic diseases, history of depression, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, menopause, score of life event scale,improved social support scale. Conclusions The incidence of perimenopausal symptoms is high. It is also relat- ed to factors of society, family and mentality, except hypogonadism. Preventing. perimenopausal symptoms according to its cirrelative factors may decrease its incidence and enhance the life quality of women.