马克思主义的意识形态理论与实践

The Theory and Practice of Marxist Ideology

"意识形态"一词的出现源自西方近代哲学家对社会意识与现实关系特别与现实政治关系的分析研究,至今在国外仍未形成统一的界说。但是"意识形态现象"却成为了几乎所有人文社会科学的一个重要研究内容,并且渗入到了自然科学领域。马克思曾经从唯物史观的角度对意识形态进行了深入的研究,揭示了意识形态的起源和特性。其研究成果,在后来西方哲学、历史学、政治学、社会学和文学的研究中产生了深远的影响,是西方马克思主义的重要话题,形成了多种诠释性学说。与此同时,它在国际共产主义运动的实践中,从"解释"世界走向了"改造"世界,不断得到了补充、修正和丰富。中国特色社会主义的兴起,为探索和把握社会主义意识形态建设的规律、正确认识和解决意识形态领域的矛盾、构建社会主义和谐社会、发展马克思主义的意识形态理论提供了新的广阔的实践基础和社会条件。

The concept of ideology was originated from the analysis of the relationship between social ideas and reality, especially of the political reality, by modem western philosophers. Hitherto, there is no uniform interpretation for this concept abroad. However, the phenomenon of ideology has become an important topic in nearly all the humanities and social sciences, and has even been introduced into natural science. Marx explored and discovered the actual origin and characteristics of ideology from the perspective of historical materialism. His work has a deep impact on western philosophy, history, politics, sociology, etc., and has become an important topic in western Marxism, giving birth to many interpretative theories. In the meantime, in the practice of international communist campaign, his theory evolved from explaining the world to reforming the world, and was corrected and reinforced. The rise of socialism with Chinese characteristics provides new chance and practical base for the exploring of laws of socialist ideology construction, correctly understanding and handling contradictions in fields of ideology, construction of socialist harmonious society, and for the development of Marxist ideology theory.