让巴赫金给巴赫金定位——谈巴赫金研究中的若干问题

Let Bakhtin Find Bakhtin's Position: Issues in Bakhtin Studies

本文讨论巴赫金研究中若干令人困惑的问题,如(1)巴赫金在所谓的"巴赫金小组"中的地位和所起的作用?(2)巴赫金究竟是反形式主义者,还是形式主义者?(3)巴赫金与统治前苏联语言学界长达数十年的马尔主义者有何关系?巴赫金如何应对斯大林1950年对马尔和马尔主义者的批判?(4)如何看待巴赫金斯思想体系中的马克思主义文艺思想和神学思想?文章认为应参照巴赫金本人的观点,特别是对话主义的思想,结合他的家庭背景、个人信仰和经历、同路人的影响、前苏联的统治和他本人的虚弱身体,才能对对巴赫金做恰如其分的定位。

The paper attempts to deal with some problems arising from Bakhtin Studies. （ 1 ） Was Bakhtin merely a member of the so-called ＂Bakhtin Circle＂or was he a ＂central figure＂ of the circle？ （2）Why did some people think Bakhtin was an anti-formalist and some others listed him as a formalist？ （3） How did Bakhtin respond to Marr and Marrism＇s doctrine which dominated the former Soviet Union＇s linguistic scholarship for decades, and how did he manage to survive the movement of Stalin＇s criticism against Marr and Marrism？ （4） Was Bakhtin a Marxist or a theologist？ With regard to Bakhtin＇ s real position, the paper suggests that we might resort to Bakhtin＇ s own theoretical ideas, in conjunction with his family background, his religious belief and experience, his friends＇ influence, the former Soviet rule, and his weak health, to help locate his real position as a dialogist？