浅析席勒的历史悲剧《唐·卡洛斯》

An Analysis of Schiller's Historical Tragedy Don Carlos

席勒著名历史悲剧《唐·卡洛斯》在作者剧作中起承前启后的作用,既具有席勒青年时期三大名剧反对封建专政的昂扬激情,又开后来古典时期深邃宏伟的历史名剧的先河。本文试图从写作意图,和时代背景、人物刻画和关于"时代传声筒"的分歧意见等方面,对该剧做一初探。《唐·卡洛斯》这出发生在16世纪的宫廷爱情悲剧,如何在法国大革命的前夜,随着形势的发展,剧作家思想的转变,变成了一出政治悲剧,呼唤革命的风暴,在革命的关键时刻鼓舞人民去反抗专制暴政,为争取自由解放而战。

Schiller＇s famous historical tragedy Don Carlos is on the one hand the continuation of his earlier plays which are characterized by the passionate emotions against the feudal tyranny and represents on the other hand the beginning of the creation of the historical dramas in his later classic period. This article analyses this play in the following aspects such as the intention of the writer, the historical background, the description of the characters and the different meanings about the so called ＂mouthpiece＂. It also discusses how this tragedy of love which took place during the 16th Century in the Spanish court, could become on the eve of the French Revolution a political tragedy, given the development of the circumstances and the change of the minds of the writer. This political tragedy prophesies the revolutionary thunderstorm and encourages the people to fight against the dictatorship and to struggle for the liberty and the liberation.