中国现代化进程中的经济变迁与秩序生成——近代以后中国二元社会秩序生成的考察

The Economical Change and Order Generation in China's Modernization Process

人类社会自从法律形成以后,社会秩序就一直表现为习惯—法律的二元秩序样式。近代以来世界秩序的变革受两种模式的经济变迁的决定:一种是一元的经济变迁,一种是二元的经济变迁。由此形成一元经济下的二元社会秩序和二元经济下的二元社会秩序,前者面临的秩序矛盾是单一的,后者面临的秩序矛盾是多重的。中国现代化过程中二元社会秩序的生成是由中国的传统—现代二元经济所决定的,这种二元秩序中的规则关系表现为法律和习惯两种规则体系的矛盾和冲突。如果承认当下中国传统—现代二元经济的现实,就应当承认传统经济下习惯法权存在的合理性,也应当承认在这种传统经济中形成的习惯规范的合法性,继而协调法律与习惯的矛盾关系,俾使当下中国的秩序治理走向和谐。

The social order after the formation of law is a dual social order,which can be divided into two types based on different social economic foundations,a single economic mode and a dual order under the dual economic mode. Chinese traditional economy is a single economic mode of agriculture,in which many contradictions of interest can be resolved by customs instead of law,and this preference seems to be more advantageous for the traditional society stability. After the opium war,the transformation of China’s society didn’t start from economic change,but from politics that caused a developmental state,in which multiple elements simultaneously exist in Chinese postmodern society. The coexistence of traditional and modern economy led to a special type of social order. In a view of social rule,traditional customs and modern law should assume the task of governing social order together.