中低位直肠癌逆向转移的研究

Study on retrograde metastasis rule of middle-low rectal cancer

目的探讨中低位直肠癌实施直肠全系膜切除术（TME）时，肿瘤平面以下系膜与肠管切除的范围。方法将60例经标准TME切除的中低位直肠癌肿瘤标本，以5mm间距由肿瘤下缘横断面连续取材至下切缘．大组织切片常规苏木精-伊红染色观察转移灶，并进行统计分析。结果有15例（25．0％）患者出现肠系膜逆向转移，转移距离0．5～4．0（2．47±1．06）cm；肠系膜逆向转移与Dukes分期（P〈0．01）、肠旁淋巴结转移（P〈0．01）和组织分化程度（P〈0．05）相关。11例（18．3％）患者为肠壁内逆向浸润，转移距离0．5～4．0（1．64±1．16）cm。肠壁内逆向浸润与组织分化程度相关（P〈0．05）。结论中低位直肠癌实施保肛手术时，宜切除4．0cm远端系膜和2．5cm肠管；肿瘤病理分期晚、有肠旁淋巴结转移和分化程度不良时，最好切除5cm远端系膜和肠管。

Objective To investigate the resection range of mesorectum and rectum below the inferior margin of tumor for the total mesorectum excision （TME） in middle-low rectal cancer. Methods Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. After TME operation, serial 5 mm interval sections were made in specimens of middle-low rectal cancer. The retrograde metastasis of rectal cancer was observed by routine HE staining. Results The phenomena of retrograde metastasis in mesorectum were found in 15 cases, and the distance of retrograde metastasis was 0.5-4.0（2.47±1.06） cm, which was correlated with Dukes stage, lymph node metastasis and histological differentiation. The retrograde metastases in bowel were found in 11 cases, and the distance of retrograde metastasis was 0.5-4.0 （1.64±1.16） cm, which was correlated with histological differentiation. Conclusions The distal mesorectum should be resected at least 4 cm when TME is carried out, and the distal bowel at least 2.5 cm. More than 5 cm mesorectum and bowel should be resected when advanced Dukes stage, extensive lymph node metastasis and poor histological differentiation occurred.