“新史学”之“新”义--梁启超“人群进化之因果”论中的儒、佛思想因素

New Meanings of The New History:Confucian and Buddhist Factors in Liang Qichao's Ideas of History

梁启超的《新史学》介绍了实证主义史学思想,是中国传统史学向现代史学转型的宣言书。梁启超的"新史学"与实证主义史学貌合神异,内涵一套将儒家哲理、大乘佛学和现代进化论融合起来的历史观、世界观与人生观。而他后来怀疑进化论、否定历史因果律的思想转变,不能完全归因于新康德主义的影响,在一定意义上也是他自觉认识并澄清自己的"新史学"与实证主义史学的思想界限。梁启超的"新史学"思想会通中西、杂糅古今,是一套独特的历史观念与历史诠释方式。"新史学"的"新"义,不但在于移植西方科学史学于中土,同时也是对传统历史观念与史学思想的推陈出新。

Liang Qichao introduced positivistic history in his The New History, but his philosophy of life and history that was imbued with Confucian and Buddhist theory didn＇t accord with positivism in this period, He doubted the doctrines of Evolutionism and denied the law of causation in his later years. This change of his thinking was not attributed to the influence of the new Kantism, but the result of his conscious break with positivistic ideas of history.