干旱胁迫对小麦农艺性状的影响

Drought Stress Effect on Agronomic Traits of Wheat

为了研究干旱胁迫对小麦主要性状的影响及其机理,选用8个抗旱性不同的小麦品种,在干旱胁迫和正常灌溉两种水分环境下,进行随机区组试验,用方差分析、t测验、和通径分析等方法分析试验结果。结果表明:干旱胁迫导致小麦株高降低,单株产量和千粒重下降,单株穗数、总小穗数和穗粒数减少,穗长缩短,不育小穗数增多;各性状对干旱胁迫敏感程度都存在显著的品种间差异;除千粒重外,各性状的环境间差异均达到极显著水平;千粒重和单株产量的品种与环境互作达显著或极显著水平;各品种的抗旱指数差异显著;通径分析表明,各性状对单株产量的直接影响:穗粒数>单株穗数>千粒重>穗长>不育小穗数>总小穗数>株高。干旱胁迫对小麦主要性状的影响显著,晋麦47、新旱1号和洛旱3号对干旱胁迫的抗耐性较好。

The effect of drought stress on wheat main agronomic traits were analyzed using eight wheat varieties which had different drought sensitivity. The experiment was conducted on drought and irrigated conditions using randomized complete block design. The data were analyzed by means of ANOVA analysis, t tests and path analysis. The result indicated that under drought stress condition most of yield traits were decreased including plant height, yield, weight of the grains, number of spikelet, number of heads per unit area, number of grains per spikelet and length of the spike. While the sterile spikelet was increased. Most of agronomic traits between varieties were significant different to drought sensitivity. The agronomic traits were significantly different on drought and irrigated conditons except weight of the grains. There were interaction effect between varieties and environment at significant or significantly level. Each trait has the direct effect on yield by mean of path analysis and the effect was as following： number of grains per spikelet 〉number of spikelet〉 weight of the grains 〉length of the spike〉 number of sterile spikelet〉 number of heads per unit area〉plant height. The drought stress has the significant influence on wheat main agronomic traits. The wheat varieties Jinmai 47, Xinhan 1 and Luohan 3 had the better performance on drought stress environment.