四川省FDI区位选择的特征与机理

A study on the selection of industries and location of FDI in Sichuan Province

本文基于1991、1996、2000和2005年4个时间断面的注册FDI企业数据,分析了四川FDI对不同行业投资及区位选择的时空发展特征。研究表明:FDI投资区域从20世纪80年代末期的"遍在性",到90年代末转变为强烈的"成都指向"性。在行业空间结构上,FDI对制造业、建筑业、农林牧渔业及除旅游业外的其他第三产业的投资基本都集中在成都主城区,对农林牧渔业、制造业、批发和零售贸易,以及房地产业的投资在成都市郊区都有较大量分布,但除制造业在成都市郊区有明显的集聚趋势外,其他行业的投资都在降低。绵阳市在制造业和批发零售贸易FDI的投资有较明显的增长趋势,乐山的旅游业是FDI重点投资的行业。

This paper pays attention to the time-space evolution of FDI in Sichuan Province from 1991 to 2005. Based on the panel data of enterprises＇ numbers of all kinds of foreign investment in Sichuan Province in 1991, 1996, 2000 and 2005, the research shows that the industries in which the foreign enterprises invested are gradually expanding in this period, such as electricity, transportation, warehousing and telecommunications industry, wholesale and retail trade, real estate, tourism, mining industry in 2000, and remained unchanged from 2000 to 2005. However, investment focuses on the manufacturing industry. As to the spatial structure, the general spatial distribution is convergent notably from 1991 to 2005. But there are micro-scale changes in different periods of time. In the early 1990s, the 6 inner districts of Chengdu are the main ones in which the foreign capital invested, in addition to the suburban counties of Chengdu, Deyang and Mianyang are not prior areas, and other areas like Nanchong, Guangyuan at Leshan are the main ones. But in the mid- 1990s, the foreign capital invested to key areas shows a spatial distribution pattern oriented to the Baoji-Chengdu,Chengdu-Chongqing and Chengdu-Kunming railways. And then, foreign entrepreneurs give first priority to Chengdu, Mianyang, Deyang and Leshan in the end of the 1990s. In the early 21^st century, there are only three prior areas including Chengdu, Deyang, and Mianyang. And there is a notable trend that industries in foreign capital invested enterprises agglomerate in inner districts of Chengdu including manufacturing, construction,agriculture, and all of the other tertiary industries except tourism. Besides, lots of FDI enterprises of manufacturing, agriculture, whole-sale and retail, real estate gather in the suburban districts of Chengdu, particularly, the amount of manufacturing enterprises increases steadily. But anyway, Mianyang, Deyang and Leshan are the important areas FDI entrepreneurs pay attention to, especially manufacturing and wholesale and retail in Mianyang, manufacturing in Deyang, tourism in Leshan, but less FDI in other areas in any industry. The striking convergence of ＂Chengdu-oriented＂ of FDI in this period shows a polarization effect in the process of economic development in Sichuan Province. As a growth pole, Chengdu gets more favorable and effective policy supports from the higher authorization of Sichuan Province in competing with Chongqing since 1997, therefore, lots of fund has been invested in infrastructure construction, such as highways. On the other hand, Chengdu is the most developed area both in economic and social services. Besides, there are lots of excellent managers, R＆D personnel and skilled hands, and a great potential market. All of the above are attractive to all kinds of FDI enterprises. In addition, the FDI invested enterprises demonstrate their development to the following ones and give them hopeful actuation effect.