东北三省工业废水污染物排放的时空变化规律研究

Research on the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Industrial Wastewater Pollutants in the Three Provinces of Northeast China

采用等标污染负荷法和GIS空间分析方法,针对改革开放和产业结构大调整前后的4个典型年份,从工业污染源空间特征出发分析了东北三省工业废水污染物排放的变化趋势,并详细讨论了重点污染物排放的时空演变规律.结果表明:东北三省工业污染源主要分布在哈大铁路和高速公路沿线以及辽宁省中部及沿海地区,且有不断集中的趋势;工业废水排放总量以及污染物排放总量都呈不断减少的趋势;东北三省主要污染物为挥发酚,CODCr,石油类及汞;有机污染物排放量高于无机污染物,其中挥发酚、石油类的主要排放区域变化很大,污染物排放区域转移趋势明显;CODCr和汞的主要排放区域变化不大,有新污染城市出现;20年间东北三省废水排放量比例变化不大,污染物等标污染负荷排名却变化很大.

Based on the equivalent standard pollution load method and GIS spatial analysis method, the trend of industrial wastewater emissions was analyzed for the three provinces in Northeast China in four typical years before and after the reform and opening-up and the industrial structure adjustment, in terms of spatial characteristics of industrial sources. Detailed discussions were made on the spatio-temporal change of major pollutants. Data shows that industrial pollution sources distribute mainly along the railway and the expressway from Harbin to Dalian and the central and coastal areas in Liaoning Province, and a trend of constant focus appears. The total amounts of industrial wastewater and the pollutants show a continuously decreasing trend. Volatile phenol, CODcr, petroleum oil and metallic mercury are the dominant pollutants in the three provinces. The discharge of industrial organic contaminants in the wastewater is more than that of inorganic pollutants. Main pollution regions of the volatile phenol and petroleum oil vary completely through years, where an obvious transfer trend exists. As for the main pollution regions of CODer and mercury, besides the original ones some cities become the new pollution regions. The ratio of the three provinces＇ total wastewater discharge changes little in recent 20 years, but it is quite different in the quantity of equivalent standard pollution load.