从山羊绒品质分析试论中国绒山羊遗传资源保护

The Analysis of Main Cashmere Fiber Traits of China Cashmere Goats

中国绒山羊生产的特种动物纤维是当今天然纺织纤维之珍品,绒山羊已被列为国家第一类遗传保护资源。为了实施有效保护,必须对保护对象的特异性状进行研究评估,这是认识种质资源特点的基础工作。因此,展开我国绒山羊羊绒品质的全面检测与研究是遗传资源保护的基本内容,具有非常重要的意义。"中国绒山羊主要品种(类型)羊绒纤维品质及遗传多样性的研究"采用统一方法检测了全国10个省区16个类型母羊羊绒纤维品质,结果表明:中国绒山羊所产羊绒的平均直径在15.0~16.0μm,与历史报道相比存在羊绒平均直径趋向于15.5μm的趋同现象;出现这种现象的主要原因是羊绒直径与羊绒长度及产量存在正的遗传相关及多年来对产绒量的过于追求。作者提出了绒山羊遗传资源保护的具体内容——特有纤维品质的保护,结合目前我国绒山羊遗传资源的特点,明确了实行"按质论价"的原绒收购体制是山羊绒产业健康发展和健全绒山羊遗传资源保护机制的前提。

As a precious textile fiber, the cashmere produced by China Cashmere Goats was the best one around the world. And China Cashmere Goats have become the first-class genetic resources protected. In order to effectively protect the genetic resources, it must be done as a kind of basic work to study and evaluate the main feature of cashmere. Therefore, to detect and study the qualitative traits of cashmere was the major task of protecting China Cashmere Goats. According to the results of the research project ＂the research on genetic diversity of Chinese Cashmere Goats and fiber traits of the cashmere produced by them＂, this paper described the general characteristic of fiber traits of cashmere produced by the ewes from the 10 different provinces （different breeds） around the country. The digital information in the results indicated that the fiber average diameter of cashmere produced by China Cashmere Goats distributed between 15.0t^m and 16.0t^m and the convergent phenomena of fi- ber average diameter among the different breeds were founded. The main reasons of the convergent phenomena were the genetic correlation between fiber diameter and fiber length or down production and pursuing greedily down production or ignoring the selection of fiber diameter. Finally, this paper suggested that the fiber traits of cashmere must be as the major objects protected of China Cashmere Goat and fixing price according to quality of cashmere could ensure fiber diameter not to increase. This was the basic work of establishing the effective mechanism of protecting genetic resources of cashmere goats in China.