供应链上相关信息的共享激励及共享价值分配

Incentives and Value Allocation of Correlation Demand Sharing in a Supply Chain

研究由一个制造商与N个零售商构成的供应链系统上,零售商之间的不确定需求信息相关,制造商能够和部分零售商共享不确定需求信息,从而影响系统成员的决策,以及由信息共享所产生价值的分配。研究发现,首先,不确定性需求函数分布过程与订单过程存在必然的联系;其次,通过与零售商共享信息,制造商能够降低订单不确定性波动的大小,从而缓解系统上的牛鞭效应;并且,降低的幅度与需求相关性系数、参与共享零售商的个数、不确定性需求函数分布过程相关;最后,采用合作博弈中的夏普利值方式分配信息共享价值时,制造商和零售商都有激励增加共享信息的零售商个数。

In a supply chain consisted of one manufacturer and N retailers, in which the retailers＇ uncertain demand information are correlated, what the manufacturer shares demand information with proportion of retailers can effect the members＇ decision and the method of allocating the value of information sharing. The results of research are following. Firstly, the process of uncertain demand information is consequentially related with the process of orders that manufacturer receives. Secondly, the manufacturer can decrease the fluctuation of the orders by sharing information with retailers and alleviate the bullwhip effect, and the degree of alleviation is correlated with the correlation of uncertain demand, the number of retailers sharing information with the manufacturer, and the characters of uncertain demand. Finally, the manufacturer and retailers all have motivation to increase the number of retailers of sharing information when all members would adopts the method of shapley value in the domain of cooperation game to allocate the value brought by sharing information.