中国军人心理健康状况的元分析

A Meta-Analysis Concerning the Mental Health Status of Members of the Chinese Army

研究的目的在于深入探讨军人的心理健康状态。通过文献查阅收集了77篇用SCL-90作为测评工具的关于军人心理健康状况的研究,样本量为56164人,根据被试情况把这些研究分为两组,一组为军事应激条件下的军人,另一组为非军事应激条件下的军人,分别对两组研究进行了元分析。研究发现非军事应激条件下军人的心理健康水平与军人常模差不多;军事应激条件下军人的心理健康水平在应激前高于军人常模,应激中低于军人常模,应激后与军人常模差不多。其中城镇驻军的心理健康水平高于高原驻军,高于边防驻军;应激中的心理健康水平低于应激后,低于应激前;地域、人员类别以及应激水平等因素对军人SCL-90得分有显著影响。敏感性分析和发表偏倚显示本研究的稳定性较好,没有发表偏倚。表明中国军人的心理健康状况并非很差;与金华等的地方成人常模和蔡心培的国家军用标准相比,王焕林19662人的军人常模更适合于做军人的比较标准。

Although the mental health status of members of the Chinese army has been highlighted by many researchers, the results of these researches are contradictory. Although some researches have reported that the members of the Chinese army have good mental health, others have reported it to be quite poor. Thus, their mental status remains unclear. This article aims to investigate the mental health status of the members of the Chinese army using a new approach. In this study, 77 articles pertaining to the mental health status of the members of the Chinese army were used, and 56164 army members in China were surveyed. A meta - analysis was conducted on these articles in which the SCL-90 was used as a tool. Further, the researches were divided into two groups, one group comprising subjects under military stress and the other comprising subjects that were not under military stress. The results revealed that the mental health status of members not under military stress was on par with the norm set by the army; the mental health status of members under military stress was higher than the army norms, but lower than army norms in terms of military stress and on par with army norms after stress. Further, the mental health of army members in town garrisons was higher than that of members in plateau garrisons and much higher than that of members in frontier defense garrisons. In addition, the mental health of members of the army who were under stress was lower than that at a stage after stress and much lower than that at a stage before stress; moreover, some factors such as the zone, rank seniority, and stress level had significant influences on the SCL-90 scores. The sensitivity and publication bias analyses showed that the stability of this research was good and that it had no publication bias. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mental health status of members of the Chinese army was not poor; moreover, compared with civilian norms and national military standards, the choice of personnel norms as a criteria was beneficial; further, some factors such as the zone, rank seniority, and stress level had significant influences on the SCL-90 scores.