施氮量对不同类型花生蔗糖合成及产量的影响

Effect of nitrogen levels on yield and sucrose synthesis of leaves in different types of peanut

以白沙1016和花育17为材料,在大田高产栽培条件下,研究了不同施氮量对不同类型花生叶片蔗糖合成及产量的影响。结果表明,在一定施氮量范围内,增加施氮量花生叶片磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性提高,蔗糖含量增加,过量施氮磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性下降,蔗糖含量降低,适量施氮有利于花生叶片蔗糖的合成。增施氮肥提高花生荚果产量主要是通过提高花生的生物产量而获得的,过多施氮经济系数降低,而导致荚果产量下降。适当增施氮肥提高花生产量,主要是通过提高单株有效结果数和荚果饱满程度而实现的。不同类型花生品种对氮肥的响应不同,珍珠豆型花生品种的适宜施氮量较普通型花生品种的为低。本试验条件下,珍珠豆型花生品种的适宜施氮量为N90 kg/hm2左右;普通型花生品种的适宜施氮量为N 135 kg/hm2左右。

A field experiment was conducted under high-yielding conditions to evaluate the effect of nitrogen level on yield and sucrose synthesis of leaves in different types of peanut （ Baisha 1016 and Huayu 17）. The result showed that the activity of sucrose synthesis and sucrose content of leaves increased with nitrogen within certain range. However, excessive nitrogen could decrease the activity of sucrose phosphate sythase and sucrose content of leaves. So applying proper nitrogen rate could be propitious to sucrose synthesis. Excessive nitrogen, however, could decrease economic coefficient, and thus decreasing pod yield. We could also increase pod yield by adding proper nitrogen to increase valid pods per plant and plumpness rate of pod. Different types of peanut had different responses to nitrogen, and the optimum nitrogen rate of var. vulgaris Harz in Arachis hypogaea was lower than common type peanut. The optimum nitrogen rate was about N 90 kg/ha and N 135 kg/ha for var. vulgaris Harz in Arachis hypogaea and common type peanut, respectively.