城市灰尘重金属污染特征及生态危害评价

Specificity of the Heavy Metal Pollution and the Ecological Hazard in Urban Dust

以金华市城市灰尘为对象,研究了灰尘中重金属污染的特征,并采用富集系数法和潜在生态危害法对灰尘中重金属的生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,金华市城市灰尘中Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn的积累最为强烈;重金属在不同功能区的含量差别较大,Pb、Cu、Mn、Zn、Ni、V6种重金属在厂区的含量平均值明显高于其他功能区;窗台灰尘和地表灰尘中的重金属浓度具有明显的差别;富集系数法评价结果显示,样品中以Pb、Zn的富集最为强烈,有些样品达到了极强富集;生态危害系数评价表明,各功能区都受到重金属不同程度的污染,重金属生态危害程度依次是厂区>商业区>文教区>居民区>交通区>园区。

The specificity of the heavy metal pollution in urban dust of Jinhua City was studied for the ecological hazards based on the methods of enrichment factor and potential ecological hazard.The results showed that：the accumulation of Pb,Cu,Cr and Zn was the most serious;the concentration of heavy metals in different domains was quiet different and the concentration of Pb,Cu,Mn,Zn,Ni and V was much higher than other domains;there were obvious differences in the concentration of heavy metals between dust on surface and window;according to enrichment factor assessment,Pb and Zn were intensively accumulated;and the potential ecological hazard assessment results showed that every domains were polluted by heavy metals in some degree.The ecological hazard for the different domains was the order of industrial area 〉 business area 〉 school area 〉 residential area 〉 traffic area〉garden plot.