论“先秦学术体系”的汉代生成

The Formation of the Pre-qin Academic System in the Han Dynasty

我们现在所了解的"先秦学术体系",先秦诸子的学派划分,形成于汉代;汉人根据他们的时代需要,对先秦诸子学进行新的阐释或改造,而这种改造在某种程度上改变了先秦学术的真实面貌,已经不利于我们在新的历史条件下发掘先秦学术的思想价值。另一方面,按照学派的划分去认识先秦思想,也容易造成这样的弊端:对于某一学派内部,重其共性而忽视个性,而学派内部的差异是显而易见的;对于不同学派之间的个性来说,又造成重视个性而忽视共性,忽视各学派共同的思想文化前提,忽视三代文化对于先秦学术的奠基意义。先秦时期留下来的可以名家的学者并不很多,分别称为某学某学即可,如老学、孔学、庄学、孟学、荀学等等。

The pre-qin academic system which classifiedthe academicians was formed in the Han Dynasty. The Han people interpreted and modified the theories for their own needs which changed the essence of them in some sense. This refrained us from understanding the real ideological value of these theories nowadays. On the other hand, it would lead to the following shortcomings if classified according to different approaches： within the approach, we would focus on the commonness and ignore the individualism so as not to notice the differences thereof; it would focus on the individualism while ignoring the commonness if classified according to different approaches so as not to notice the common ground between different theories. The theoreticians were not so many during the pre-qin period so that we can distinguish them easily by calling them like lao theory, kong theory, meng theory and xun theory.