两汉时期河南地区的水患及其治理与救助

Treatment to the Floods in Henan Province during the East and West Han Dynasties

两汉时期,河南水患严重,在数量上几乎占全国水患的一半,在危害程度上也大大高于其他省份。在地域分布上西汉水患主要集中在豫西、豫东,东汉主要集中在豫西,其中豫西水患主要由长时间降水引起,豫东水患主要由黄河决口、改道造成。在时间上水患大多发生在雨水集中的夏、秋两季。西汉时期,河南水患大灾多,东汉王景治河以后有所改善。水患分布集中的原因,除了气候、地理、农业开发、黄河淤积等因素外,还有一定的政治因素。河南水患危害严重,不仅冲毁房屋和农田,造成浮尸遍野,疾疫流行,还造成一系列政治、社会问题。汉代采取的堵塞、疏通、分洪、蓄洪等治水思想与实践在今天仍有一定的指导意义。两汉政府采取的一系列救灾措施对安抚受灾民众、恢复生产、稳定社会秩序有非常重要的作用。

During the East and West Han Dynasty, the floods in the present Henan province was very serious, which account to the half of that of the country. It concentrated mainly in the east and west of the region. The former was caused by rainfalls and the latter by the Yellow River, They often happened during the summer or the autumn. In the West Han Dynasty this situation was improved by the Jing emperor of the East Dynasty. The concentration of the floods was partly due to the weather and partly to some political factors. The floods destroyed the houses and fields, causing disease and killings as well as a series of political and social problems. The measures taken by the East and West Han Dynasties soothed the citizens and stabilized the society at that time which is also significant nowadays.