中国古代士大夫政治文化传统的两重性分析

The Duality of the Political and Cultural Traditions of the Ancient Scholar Bureaucrats

士大夫是中国古代知识阶层的通称。秦汉之后,士大夫从先秦的"游士"逐渐转变为依附于专制皇权的"士大夫",在此基础上,形成了独具特色的士大夫政治文化传统。士大夫政治文化传统的一个重要特征就是自身的"两重性",即士大夫的政治态度、政治行为等方面存在着诸种看似矛盾而实际又相维系的特点。这些特征是由中国古代社会的政治局势以及士大夫的政治性格等因素所造成的。

Scholar-bureaucrat is a general term for ancient Chinese intellectuals. After qin and ban dynasties, the vagabonds became scholar-bureaucrats on the basis of the royal powers, and thus formed the particular political and cutural tradition. The main charactor of this is duality, which is the related but contradictory features of the polictical attitude and behaviors. These were resulted owing to the political situation and the personality of the scholar-bureaucrats in the ancient times.