披碱草与新麦草属间杂种的细胞遗传学研究

Cytogenetic Studies on Intergeneric Hybrid of Elymus scaber var.scaber×Psathyrostachys huashanica (Poaceae:Triticeae)

将澳大利亚披碱草(Elymus scabervar.scaber,2n=6x=42,StYW)和华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huas-hanica,2n=2x=14,Ns)进行属间杂交,成功获得杂种F1。分析亲本及其杂种F1的形态特征、繁育特性及花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对行为发现:杂种F1形态特征介于父母本之间,分蘖数等农艺性状超过双亲;花粉完全不育,结实率为0。亲本减数分裂染色体配对正常,但杂种F1花粉母细胞在减数分裂中期I染色体几乎没有配对,其构型为:27.31Ⅰ+0.01Ⅱ(环)+0.32Ⅱ(棒)+0.01Ⅲ,C值仅为0.01。以上结果表明:澳大利亚披碱草的StYW染色体组与华山新麦草的Ns染色体组间无同源性,它们之间的亲缘关系甚远。

Intergeneric cross was carried out between Elymus scaber var. scaber （2n = 6x = 42, StYW） and Psathyrostachys huashanica （2n= 2x= 14, Ns）, and the hybrid was obtained successfully. The morphology, fertility and chromosome pairing behavior in meiosis of the parents and the hybrid were investigated in this study. The F1 hybrid appeared intermediate between the two parents. The meiotic configuration of the hybrid was 27.31Ⅰ ＋0.01 Ⅱ （ring） ＋0.32 Ⅱ （rod） ＋ 0.01 Ⅲ ,with a C-value of 0.01. The results indicated that there is non-homology between the StYW genome of E. scaber var. scaber and the Ns genome of P. huashanica,and the species of Elyrnus is distant related to the Psathyrostachys species.