白银市资源型企业间关系的社会网络分析

A social network analysis of the relations of resource-based industrial firms in Baiyin City:a mining city of China

利用社会网络分析的方法对白银市重点资源型工业企业在产品、副产品或废弃物方面的关系展开研究。研究的目的首先在于揭示白银市企业网络的基本特点,从而使得企业不是用偶然的外部联系这一短期机制来获取竞争能力,而是利用网络拓展其知识基础,达到整个网络的互利和共生;其次,为构建企业间合作环境管理网络甚至整个区域的可持续性网络提供进一步研究的基础。研究结果表明银市资源型企业间联系较为密切,个体间的联系以最终产品联系为主,区内企业对外依存度高,区外企业在企业网络中占据重要地位。

＂Social Network Analysis （SNA）＂ is an important discipline of sociology and a new method or technology aiming at social structure. It is appeared in 1930s and flourishing in recent two decades. SNA can be utilized to study the organizational relations of inter-firm networks effectively, so it can afford theoretical and practical guidelines to bring heterogeneous firms within inter-firm networks and the network itself into play. This paper studies the relations of final products and by-products ＆ waste of the major resource-based industrial firms in Baiyin City by utilizing SNA. The purpose of this study has two points, one is to disclose the fundamental characteristics of the inter-firm networks, that can help the firms get mutual benefits and symbiosis by utilizing the inter-firm networks to extend their knowledge foundations rather than by occasional contact, a short-term mechanism, to get competitiveness; another is to give a step stone for further studies about constructing inter-firm cooperative environmental management networks or even regional wider sustainability networks. In this paper, the boundary of inter-firm networks is defined by enterprises survey. The relations of the firms is expressed by adjacent matrix and figured the software of UCINET 6.0 is utihzed to analysis the characteristics of the whole inter-firm networks the individuals of the networks. When studied the characteristics of the whole inter-firm networks, the by Netdraw and that of selected indices include Density and Centralization. And when studied the characteristics of the individuals of the networks, the selected index is directional centrality, which includes Degree, Betweenness and Closeness ones, as the measurements of the degree of inequality in actors＇ influences, actors＇ power of controlling others and actors＇ power of escaping from others＇ control separately. The results indicate that Baiyin City are somewhat tight, and the main type is relations of the relations of resource-based industrial firms in individuals＇ final products, the firms within the region highly depend on the firms out of the region, which are in an important position within the inter-firm networks.