非刑罚惩罚:犯过罪的人养老保险社会排斥探析

Probe into the Non-criminal Punishment: A Social Exclusion of Pensions Insurance to Prisoners and Paroled/Released Criminals

养老保险金是绝大部分人在晚年时期的基本生活保障,而对处于社会中弱势地位的犯过罪的人尤其如此。犯过罪的人包括以监禁方式执行的服刑人员、以非监禁方式执行的服刑人员和服刑完毕的刑释人员,他们的养老金被全部或部分地予以剥夺,也即在养老保险制度中他们遭到了社会排斥。这种社会排斥合法不合理地客观存在着,不利于罪犯的教育改造、社会的秩序稳定、人权的社会保障以及法治的建设发展。我国养老保险制度中对犯过罪的人的这种社会排斥,对犯过罪的人是一种非刑罚惩罚,并且是一种过量的惩罚,从而导致与现代刑法中"罪刑相适应"原则的理念的背离。

Pensions insurance is to ensure most of old people a not bad living, including the old prisoners and paroled or released old criminals. As a social group including above, they are especially vulnerable to be infringed upon their legitimate rights. Their pensions due to retirement have therefore been fully or partially deprived in China, i.e., they are socially excluded from the system of pensions insurance. Such an unreasonable social exclusion is executing against re-educating criminals, stabilizing social order, safeguarding human rights and developing legal system. It is in fact a non-criminal punishment exclusion to them from social insurance and unduly imposed on them, thus resulting in violating the principle ＂Punishment Should Correspond with Crime＂ which is crucial to modern criminal law.