表限量的“才”与“只”及“才+只”语序的一种解释

Cai(才) vs Zhi(只) on the Meaning of Limitation of Quantityand an Explanation of the Word-order of Cai(才)+Zhi(只)

本文首先通过语义分析指出"才"与"只"在表数量义时语法意义和语义指向都不相同,"才"在语义上凸显"跟预期的数量相比较,实现的数量少",在语义指向上具有前后双指性;而"只"在表量时单纯表限定,语义指向是单向后指的。进而文章借鉴优选论的理念和操作方法验证出"才/只"并用是合语法的,且"才+只"是优势语序。文章同时表明,语义指向源和语义指向标的之间不允许出现其他同类指向源成分,这至少在汉语中是一条优势原则。

Firstly, based on analyses of semantic, this paper discusses the differences between cai （ 才 ） and zhi （ 只 ） on the meaning of limitation of quantity. It proposes that cai（才）means the realized quantity being less than the expectation of the speaker, and its semantic orientation is bi-direction ,but zhi（只）only means limiting quantity and has a single direction. Secondly, made use of the Optimality Theory ,the paper focuses on the explanation of the well-formedness of the co-operation of cai（才）/zhi（只） and the word-order of cai （ 才 ） ＋zhi （ 只 ） ,and proposes that the co-operation of these two words is grammatical and the word-order of cai （才）＋zhi（只）is the winning one. Furthermore, the paper advanced a superior principle in Chinese：^＊B, which means no barriers should be permitted to insert between the semantic orientation source and the target.