论新经济政策与十月革命的辩证关系——献给十月革命90周年

On the Dialectical Relations Between New Economic Policy and October Revolution

落后国家的无产阶级率先夺取政权并不违背历史辩证法;但是,由于过渡的起点发生了改变,因此,落后国家就不能简单照搬马克思的直接过渡理论,而必须寻找一条新的过渡道路。列宁所推行的新经济政策是从资本主义向社会主义迂回过渡的政策,即利用资本主义的政策,实质上是承认落后国家不具备向社会主义直接过渡的条件;但新经济政策不是对十月革命的否定。"两个必然"与"两个决不会"、率先夺取政权与迂回过渡实际上是辩证统一的关系,统一的基础是"生产力决定生产关系,生产关系一定要适合生产力的性质"这一唯物史观的基本原理。

The proletariats in backward countries taking the lead in wresting the state power is not at variance with the historical dialectics. However, since the jumping off point for transition has been changed, the backward countries cannot simply copy the theory of direct transition, and they must find a new way for transition. New Economic Policy utilizing capitalism is a policy for indirectly transiting from the capitalism to socialism, and actually it admits that the backward countries are incapable of the conditions for transiting to socialism directly. But the New Economic Policy didn＇t deny the October Revolution, and in fact, ＂two inevitabilities＂ and ＂two impossibilities＂ are dialectic unity as well as seizing state power and indirect transition. The basis for their unity is the materialistic principle：＂productive forces decides the relations of production, and the relations of production must adapt to productive forces. ＂