模拟不同雨量下沟垄集雨种植对春玉米生产力的影响

Effects of rainwater-harvested furrow/ridge system on spring corn productivity under different simulated rainfalls

为了探明沟垄集雨种植适宜的降雨量范围,使沟垄集雨系统更加有效,通过大田模拟降雨试验,研究了不同雨量下沟垄集雨种植对农田水温状况及春玉米个体发育、生物量积累、水分利用效率（WUE）和产量的影响。结果表明,在230-440mm雨量下,与平作处理相比,沟垄集雨种植处理后,沟内土壤10cm处温度增加了0.7-1℃,沟内120cm土壤平均储水量增加了5%-12%,玉米的出苗期提前1-2d,生育期普遍提前,株高、功能叶面积和生物量显著增加（P〈0.05）。玉米籽粒产量及WUE在230mm雨量下分别增加了82.8%和77.4%,340mm雨量下分别增加了43.4%和43.1%,440mm雨量下分别增加了11.2%和9.5%。沟垄集雨种植春玉米适宜的雨量上限可能在全生育期降雨量440mm以下。

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of rainwater-harvested furrow/ridge systems on soil water use efficiency（WUE）and grain yield of spring com under differently simulated rainfall supplies.Our results showed that when rainfall supply ranged between 230 and 440mm,rainwater-harvested furrow/ridge system could increase the surface temperature at a depth of 10cm by 0.7-1℃ and water storage capacity in the 0-120cm soil layer by 5%-12%,as well as speeded up the emergence of seedlings compared with the control.In addition,this rainwater-harvested furrow/ridge system also enhanced grain yield and WUE of spring com by 82.8% and 77.4% under rainfall of 230mm,by 43.4% and 43.1% under rainfall of 340mm and by 11.2% and 9.5% under rainfall of 440mm.The upper ceiling of rainfall for spring com suitable for adopting this furrow/ridge system was considered to be about 440mm over the whole growth period of com.