水稻不同基因型对铅镉吸收能力差异的研究

Uptake Capacity of Different Rice Genotypes for Lead and Cadmium from Soil

利用盆栽试验探讨了四川20个水稻育种材料(其中保持系和恢复系各10个品系)对外源污染物铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的吸收能力及这两种重金属在稻草和稻米中的分配差异。结果表明,Pb或Cd胁迫下,水稻不同基因型对其吸收存在明显差异。在供试验材料中,最不易受Pb污染材料为Y11,稻米未检出Pb,其稻草中的Pb最不易向子粒转移;最不易受Cd污染的材料为Y16,稻米含Cd0.15mg·kg-1,含量低于无公害大米标准(NY5115-2002)。最易受Pb污染的材料分别为Y07和Y17,而最易受Cd污染的材料分别为Y07、Y05和Y17。稻米对Cd的富集能力大大高于对Pb的富集能力。恢复系抗Pb或Cd污染的能力优于保持系。

This study investigated the differences of 20 rice genotypes （10 maintainers and 10 restorers） selected in Sichuan in their capability in uptake of the added Pb and Cd from soil and in their distribution between the straw and the seed in a pot trial. Results showed that under the pollution of Pb or Cd, there were remarkable differences among different genotypes. The Y11 appeared highest resistance to uptake of Pb without any Pb detected in the seed-least transferable material for Pb from the straw to the seed and the Y16 was highly resistant to uptake of Cd with only 0.15 mg·kg^-1, producing high quality rice superior to the Pollution-Free Standard for Rice （NY5115-2002） in China. The most vulnerable materials to Pb pollution were Y07 and Y17 and those to Cd were Y07, Y05 and Y17. All the rice materials tended to accumulate more Cd than Pb. The restorer lines showed higher resistance to uptake of Pb or Cd than the maintainer lines.