十溴联苯醚对底栖生物和土壤微生物的毒理效应探讨

Toxicological Effects of Decabromodiphenyl Ether Exposure on Benthonic Invertebrates and Soil Microorganisms

为了研究溴系阻燃剂——十溴联苯醚(DeBDE或BDE209)对底栖生物和土壤微生物群落的影响,以红虫(淡水单孔蚓)和土壤中总微生物及枯草芽孢杆菌纯菌种为受试生物,分别测定了十溴联苯醚对红虫Na+,K+-ATP酶及SOD活性的影响和对土壤中总微生物及枯草芽孢杆菌纯菌种呼吸强度的影响。结果表明,随着十溴联苯醚暴露浓度的增加,红虫的Na+,K+-ATP酶呈现激活的趋势,但激活强度逐渐降低,SOD活性则呈现先激活后抑制的趋势;随着十溴联苯醚暴露时间的增加,红虫的Na+,K+-ATP酶亦呈现激活的趋势,SOD活性呈现先激活后抑制的趋势。土壤总微生物和枯草芽孢杆菌在十溴联苯醚作用下表现出一致的抑制趋势,但随着时间的延长,抑制作用逐渐恢复。因此,ATP酶和SOD相结合作为生物受到十溴联苯醚胁迫的分子指标,以及利用枯草芽孢杆菌评价土壤微生物受到十溴联苯醚胁迫的微生物指标都具有一定的可行性。

As one of the most popular used brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenyl ether （DeBDE） has been increasingly used in market and detected in many environment mediums. The experiment was performed to study the effects of DeBDE on benthonic invertebrates and soil microorganisms. Monopylephorus Limosus were exposed to DeBDE solution, and were taken out then homogenized, the Na^＋,K^＋-ATPase and SOD activities were measured to study the toxic effects of DeBDE on benthonic invertebrates. The effects of DeBDE on the respira tion of Bacillus subtilis and mixed soil microorganisms were also been measured with a microbe electrolysis respiration apparatus. The Na^＋,K^＋-ATP activities of Monopylephorus Limosus were induced in the concentration of 1-100 mg·L^-1, and the SOD activities were induced at 10 mg·L^-1 and then were inhibited at 100 mg·L^-1 of the exposure concentration, significantly. Under a concentration of 10 mg·L^-1, the Na^＋,K^＋-ATPase activities of Monopylephorus Limosus were maximally induced at day 6 and the SOD activities were induced at day 3 and then were inhibited at day 10, significantly. DeBDE had similar influences on the respiration of Bacillus subtilis and mixed soil microorganisms, both were inhibited at a concentration of 10 mg·L^-1 It was feasible to use Na^＋,K^＋-ATP combined with SOD as a biomarker and Bacillus subtilis as a microorganism marker for pollution stress of DeBDE in soil or sediment environment.