从《考古学》篇看修昔底德的历史思想

The Ideas on Progression of History in Thucydides'Archaeology

修昔底德对历史进程的认识主要体现于《伯战史》之《考古学》篇。修氏宏观上确立了历史发展连续性的思想,表现出历史进步的观念,并深刻揭示了历史发展的动因(即人性)以及历史与道德相违背的事实。由于修氏的历史观建立在存在着永恒不变的人性这种观念之上,因而又体现出鲜明的"实质主义"和形而上学的特征。修氏的历史进步观念是公元前五世纪希腊哲学思想在史学中的反映,但修氏对历史进程的认识比当时智者的社会进步说更为深刻。

The understanding of the progression of history is an important side of the thoughts of Thucydides, which mainly included in the Archaeology. As a whole, Thucydides contends human history is a flow of continual progression, and reveals it is the human nature, namely, the evil, which drives the history forward, Human history acts contrary to the moral principles. On the idea of the existence of the constant human nature, the outlook of history of Thucydides is constructed, marked with distinct substantialism and metaphysics of ancient Greece. Thucydides＇ conception of history represents the character of the Greek thought in the second part of the fifth century, but more advanced.