唐山市部分农村地区小学生意外伤害的疾病负担分析

Investigation of accident injury status and its disease burden of pupil in Tangshan rural area

目的:分析农村小学生意外伤害的原因及疾病负担,提出预防措施,为降低儿童意外伤害发生率和疾病负担提供参考。方法:采用整群抽样的方法及自行设计的《儿童伤害调查表》及家庭疾病负担量表(family burden scale of diseases,FBS),对唐山市2所县区小学进行调查。结果:伤害的总发生率为16.5%,各年级伤害的发生率分别为17.4%、12.2%、20.6%、11.8%、21.4%、12.9%。前5位伤害类型依次是跌伤、碰撞伤、车辆伤、烧烫伤、食物中毒。由伤害所致的疾病负担是多维的,除经济负担外,还对家庭日常生活、家庭娱乐、家庭关系、家庭成员的生理及心理方面造成不同程度的影响;且家庭负担与受伤害学生是否住院、卧床、活动受限制、休学及是否有陪护等因素有关。结论:唐山农村地区儿童伤害带来不同的家庭负担,应结合农村地区小学生的特点,动员家庭、学校及社会的力量,加强防范措施,控制和降低儿童伤害,提高儿童健康水平。

Objective： Through analyzing the reason of the accident injury and the disease burden of rural students, to provide related information to enact effective preventive methods to decrease the incidence rate of accident injure and the disease burden, and improve the children healthy leveL Methods： The cluster sampling method was adopted to select two primary schools located in rural area of Tangs hart as objects. Self - designed questionnaire of children injure and family burden scale of diseases （FBS） were used in the investigation. Results： The total incidence rate of accident injury was 16. 5%, the incidence rate of injury for different grade pupils respec- tively were： 17. 4%, 12. 2%, 20. 6%, 11. 8%, 21. 4%, 12. 9%. The top five injuries were in turn： falling injury, injure by colli- sion, traffic injury, burn and scald, and food poisoning. Family diseases burden was multidimensional. In addition to the economy burden, family member life, family entertainment, family relationship, family member body and mental state also were influenced accordingly. And family diseases burden were influenced by hospitalization, keeping the bed, being restricted of activity, suspending his schooling, and having accompanying person or not. Conclusion： The accident injury of rural pupils cause the heavy family burden. According to the characteristics of rural pupils, mobilizing the family, school and society to participate together, the incident rate of injury will be controlled and decreased, and healthy level of children will be increased.