甘蔗对不同基质肥源氮、磷、钾的吸收和利用

N,P & K absorption and utilization in sugarcane under different substrates of fertilizer resources

对甘蔗进行直接浇灌不同浓度糖蜜酒精废液处理、常规施用化肥和不施肥处理,研究直接浇灌糖蜜酒精废液对甘蔗前期生长的影响。结果表明:苗期糖蜜酒精废液对甘蔗芽萌发、幼苗生长和对氮、磷、钾的吸收有一定胁迫作用,但该抑制作用随甘蔗生长可通过其自身代谢解除;到分蘖盛期,胁迫作用解除后,施用糖蜜酒精废液的甘蔗叶片氮、磷、钾含量高于对照和常规施肥,促进了甘蔗分蘖和伸长,提高了蔗茎产量,最终甘蔗产量显著高于对照,与常规施用化肥处理相当。说明适宜浓度的糖蜜酒精废液可直接施用于甘蔗,新植蔗以浇灌45t.hm-2糖蜜酒精废液+60t.hm-2清水最好,宿根蔗则以浇灌105t.hm-2糖蜜酒精废液最好。

In order to investigate the effect of vinasse （ waste effluent from alcohol fermentation in sugarcane mill） on the growth of sugarcane plants, different rates of vinasse were applied as liquid fertilizer on sugarcane crops, under routine fertilization, vinasse fertilization and non fertilization. The results indicate that the emergence, young shoot growth and absorption of N, P ＆ K by young sugarcane plants are impeded by vinasse application, but this impedance is minimized through self-metabolism and finally vanishes at tillering stage. By mid-tillering stage, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in plant leaves are higher in vinasse treatment than in the control and routine fertilization treatment, indicating that the vinasse treatment accelerates tillering and elongation, thereby improving cane yield. Subsequently, yield under vinasse treatment equals that under routine fertilization treatment, suggesting that appropriate doses of vinasse could be used as liquid fertilizer for sugarcane cultivation. Based on performance of agronomic characteristics, optimal rate of treatment for sugarcane is 45 t·hm^-2 vinasse ＋ 60 t· hm^-2 water for planted crops and 105 t·hm^-2 vinasse for ratoon crops.