菜田蜘蛛群落结构特征及优势种时空动态分析

Structure,characteristics,spatical and temporal dynamics of dominant species of spider communities in vegetable fields

2006年5月下旬到8月下旬对番茄、茄子、豆角、甜椒、辣椒及油菜6种蔬菜田蜘蛛种类及数量进行了系统调查。在6种菜田内共采集蜘蛛1992头，隶属9科19属27种。蜘蛛种数依次为：油菜〉甜椒〉番茄、辣椒〉茄子〉豆角；个体数量依次为：油菜〉甜椒〉茄子〉豆角〉辣椒〉番茄。从6种蔬菜生长期蜘蛛群落发展趋势来看，菜田蜘蛛群落的科数、丰富度和个体数量呈从少到多再到少，多样性指数和均匀度指数呈由高到低，优势度指数呈由低到高再到低的变动趋势。根据蔬菜田节肢动物的群落特征结合蔬菜生长季节情况，对群落采用最优三分割划分阶段，将调查期间整个群落的时序变化划分为5月20日～7月3日、7月9日～8月1日、8月4日～8月23日，即菜田蜘蛛群落建立、发展和瓦解3个阶段。

Investigation on the structure of spider communities indicates 9 families, 19 genus and 27 species of spiders （in the end of May to the end of August,2006） exist in tomato, eggplant, bean, green pepper, pimiento and rape fields in Jinzhong of Shanxi Province. The order of spider species richness in the six vegetable fields is rape 〉 green pepper 〉 tomato 〉 pimiento 〉 egg- plant 〉 beans. Individual number of the spider population is rape 〉 green pepper 〉 eggplant 〉 beans 〉 pimiento 〉 tomato. The spi- der individual and family number, richness, and dominance show an initial increase followed by a decrease; while the diversity and evenness indexes decrease with the time during growth period of the vegetable crops. Temporal dynamics of the spiders in the vegetable fields are divided into three stages based on optimal sorting method in accordance with time sequence and distinguishing vegetable development features ： May 20 to July 3, July 9 to August 1, August 4 to August 23, which corresponds to the spider establishment, development and collapse stages.