栽培措施对彩色马蹄莲细菌性软腐病发生的影响

Influences of different cultivation treatments on colored calla lily soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora

以彩色马蹄莲的红色品种(M5)和黄色品种(M13)为供试材料,研究了不同栽培基质、覆盖方式、施肥种类、施肥方法等因素对彩色马蹄莲细菌性软腐病发生的影响。研究结果表明:栽培基质的不同对细菌性软腐病的发病率影响显著,用泥炭作基质能降低发病率。栽培基质表面覆盖与否和覆盖材料的不同对细菌性软腐病的发病率高低影响较大,栽培基质表面覆盖麦草发病率最低。不同的追肥时间和肥料种类的处理显示,在营养生长时期追肥和施用高钾肥也可以有效地降低彩色马蹄莲软腐病的发生率,开花期追肥和施用氮肥则有利于彩色马蹄莲软腐病的发生。

The influences of different cultivation substrates, ways of covering, types of fertilizers and application approaches on colored calla lily soft rot were studied. The results showed that the disease incidences were altered with the cultivation substrates. Using peats as the substrate could reduce the disease incidences. With or without covers also significantly affected the disease incidence, and covering wheat stalks （straws） on the surface of the cultivation substrates could also decrease the incidence. A significant reduction in disease incidences was observed when fertilizers were delivered during vegetative growth period or high contents of potash fertilizers were applied. Instead, applying fertilizers during flowering period or applying nitrogen fertilizers favored the occurrence of the disease.