禁闭世界中的人性解放——弗洛伊德人格结构理论解析《法国中尉的女人》

Human Nature Unbounded from a Confined World——Interpreting The French Lieutenant's Woman from the Perspective of Freudian Theory of Human Psyche

英国著名小说家约翰.福尔斯的代表作《法国中尉的女人》一直是文学评论界的热点。国内外的研究大都集中在:存在主义主题,主体莎拉的神秘性,小说的叙事艺术等方面,本文将运用弗洛伊德的人格结构理论,对小说的主要人物进行分析,提出莎拉、查尔斯、欧内斯蒂娜以及以波尔坦尼太太为代表的莱姆镇人分别是本我、自我、超我的象征。通过体现人格三结构之间的激烈冲突与斗争,并以本我的胜利为终极目标,反映了约翰.福尔斯对人性的深刻挖掘与反思。

British celebrated novelist John Fowles＇s masterpiece The French Lieutenant＇s Woman has always been a hot issue in the circles of literary criticism. Studies home and abroad on this masterpiece mainly concentrate on the theme of existentialism, the mystery of Sarah and its narrative artistry. This paper intends to analyze several important characters in the novel through employing Freudian theory of human psyche, and to reveal that Sarah, Charles, and Ernestina together with Mrs. Poulteney correspond to id, ego and superego respectively. Through reflecting the conflict and the struggle among the three parts of the human psyche, which ends with the success of the id, Fowles explores into and ponders over the human nature.