中国公路泥石流研究

Study on debris flows along highways in china

公路泥石流是指发育于公路沿线并对公路桥涵、路基路面及相应防护结构具有冲击毁损和淤埋破坏的病害类型。丰富的物源、具有焚风效应的气象条件以及泥石流沟轴线与区域新构造应力场主压应力方向一致等是形成大型泥石流的宏观背景。将泥石流概化为固、液两相流体,运用两相流理论、泥沙运动力学、Bingham流变方程和Bagnold颗粒相互作用试验结果等,初步建立了泥石流固-液分相流速计算方法、基于泥石流在防治结构表面及泥石流沟岸产生的冲击形迹建立的反求泥石流冲击力计算方法以及泥石流磨蚀力计算方法。开发了速流结构、泥石流隧道及翼型墩汇流结构等10余种防治技术,集成了拦-汇-排等多种综合治理模式。据此撰写了《公路泥石流防治工程设计、施工指南》。实施了60余个防治工程。效果显著。研究成果初步构建了公路泥石流理论及技术体系。

Debris flow along highways, locating near highways and impacting on bridges, culvert, roadbeds, road surface structures and relevant project against debris flow and destroying that through embodying, belongs to a disaster in highways. It is the general background to trigger giant debris flow that abundant material, meteologlcal environment with fohn effect, and there are the same between axis direction of debris flow valley and main compressive direction of neotectonic field. Simplifying debris flow as two-phases fluid, using two-phase fluid theory, movement mechanics of sediment, Bingham hyeological equations and testing data of interaction action between particles by Bagnold, the authors establish initially the methods to calculate velocity of solid phase and liquid phase in debris flow, to calculate impact force of debris flow through formality on surface of control structure and bank of debris flow valley, and to calculate abrasion force of debris flow. The paper developes tens of techniques against debris flow such as high-speed drainage structure, debris flow tunnel and wing- shape converge structure etc. Furthermore, it develops some synthetic model against debris flow such as block-converge-drainage model through application of these techniques. Then write and publish Guiding of Design and Construction of Projects against Debris Flow along Highways, which is applied in 60 projects to control debris flow and produces prominent effect. Researches above establish primitively theories and techniques of debris flow along highways.