论私立高等教育发展的制度环境——兼论中国民办高等教育发展的制度环境选择

On the System Enviroment of Private Higher Education's Development:System Environment Choice Of China's Non-governmental Higher Education Development

世界私立高等教育的发展大致存在市场主导型和国家主导型的两种制度安排,两种不同的制度安排生成的制度环境导致了私立高等教育的两种不同命运。国际经验表明,在国家主导型的高等教育系统中发展私立高等教育,政府都会有从"排斥"到"不得已接受"再到"接受乃至完全接受"的过程。一般来说,"排斥"主要表现在精英教育阶段,"不得已接受"主要表现在大众化起步阶段,"接受乃至完全接受"主要表现在后大众化阶段或普及化阶段,属于国家主导型的多数国家的私立高等教育发展轨迹已经或正在遵循着这个规律。我国高等教育刚刚进入大众化阶段,民办高等教育的发展正面临着深层次制度环境的改善问题;而且,今后高等教育大众化乃至普及化的发展任务还十分艰巨,但我国政府若能够遵循国际私立高等教育的发展规律,及早改善民办高等教育发展的制度环境,我国高等教育从精英阶段向大众化阶段再向普及化阶段的过渡就能够顺利实现。

The development of private higher education in the world is largely dominated by the presence of marketoriented and state-led system arrangements, and two different arrangements lead two different fates of the private higher education. International experience shows that, government attitude to private higher education at the state-led system will go through such a process,which is from the ＂exclusion＂ to the ＂last resort＂ to ＂accept and fully accepted＂. Generally speaking, ＂exclusion＂ is mainly manifested in the stage of elite education, ＂last resort＂ is mainly in the initial stage of mass education, ＂accept and fully accepted＂ is mainly in the stage of post mass or universal education, the development track of private higher education in most of the state-led countries has been or is being followed this rule. Now, China＇s higher education has just entered the mass education stage, and non-government higher education＇s development is facing some. deep-rooted problems of system environment＇s improvement. Moreover, in the future, the task of higher education massification and universalization is still very arduous. However, if we follow the development rules of international private higher education, and improve the system environment of China＇s non-government higher education＇s development as soon as possible, then the transition of China＇s higher education from the elite stage to the massification stage to the universalization stage can be smoothly achieved.