水库低温水灌溉对小麦生长的影响评价

Assessment of the Effect of Low-temperature Water in Reservior on the Growth of Wheat

水电建设生态影响日益受到社会的广泛关注,尤其是水库低温水的影响更是成为水电工程环境影响评价的必要组成部分。以春小麦为对象,选择两块毗邻实验田进行不同水源的灌溉实验,两种水源的灌溉水源水量和水质基本相同;研究了灌溉水温对土壤温度及其春小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明,温度差为6-8℃的水源对0-20 cm深地温影响差异小于1℃;且小麦在单位面积产量、生育期、群体动态、考种基本性状等方面均未产生明显差异。从土壤温度特性和作物生育期温度需求两个方面对上述结果作了细致的机理分析,认为：①气象条件在控制地温方面是主导因素;②低温水对作小麦营养期生长影响微弱。

In China, the ecologic impacts of hydropower development have come to our attention increasingly, especially, the impact assessment of low-temperature water for huge reservoir is the necessary chapter in the assessment statements. Selecting two fields abutting each other, irrigation experiment was conducted on wheat using two water resources which have the same water volume and quality except for temperature. The effect of irrigation water temperature on soil temperature and the growth of wheat were studied. The results showed that the difference of soil temperature was less than 1℃ when two sorts of water resources with the temperature difference of 6-8℃ were irrigated. Moreover, there were not marked effects of wheat in the yield per hectare, hearing period, colony dynamic and seed basal character. Finally, the mechanism analysis to the test result from the two aspects of the ground temperature change rule and the plant growth characteristic was particularly conducted to draw the conclusions that air temperature was the dominant factor controlling the soil temperature and the impact of low temperature water on vegetative wheat was not great.