谈话分析与社会科学的方法论转向

Conversation Analysis and the Methodological Turn of Social Sciences

当代社会科学研究中出现了根本的"叙事转向"和"质的革命",而"谈话分析"是实现和表达这一转向和革命的具体而典型的路径之一。谈话分析注重揭示微观研究领域中日常谈话的细节,但是,谈话不仅代表"说者—听者"之间彼此交流或传递信息的活动,更表现为一个社会化的过程,谈话的连续性、互动性和交流的继续,从根本上说也是社会结构作用的结果,是人们基于身份、地位、语境、话语结构而实现的。文章着重阐述谈话分析对认识社会结构的作用及其方法论意义,以便消除人们对谈话分析以及一般的质的方法在方法论上的误解和忌惮。

As the essential ＂narrative turn＂ or ＂qualitative revolution＂ takes place in the studies of contemporary social sciences, ＂conversation analysis＂ becomes one of the typical and particular ways manifesting this turn or revolution. Although conversation Analysis pays more attention to the details of ordinary conversation in the micro investigation, but conversation is a socialized process as well as an activity of communication and transfer of information between ＂talker＂ and ＂listener＂. The continuity and mutuality of conversation are basically an outcome of the function of social structure and are carried out by identification, qualification, context and conversational structure. This article focuses on the function and methodological significance of conversation analysis in the research of social structure in order to eliminate people＇s methodological misunderstanding and fear of conversation analysis and qualitative research in general.