论法人本质说:新拟制说——基于法人本质理论的反思与重构视角

A New Theory of the Nature of Legal Person:Neo-Personification

从法人本质说的理论发展和各国立法实践来看,现有的几种学说对法人制度的构建都存在着某些缺陷。文章提出的新拟制说认为:团体是一种客观实在,符合一定条件的部分团体被赋予法人资格则是一种拟制,法人主体化的拟制目标应为一般自然人,即具有完全意思能力和行为能力的自然人,而不是传统拟制说的"残疾人"。新拟制说应更符合法人产生的规律和实际,也更符合逻辑,是一种彻底的拟制,在一定程度上能够避免传统法人拟制说和实在说的局限,有利完善法人制度的构建和更好地发挥法人制度的作用,新拟制说从哲学本源上揭示了法人的工具属性。

From the theoretical development of the nature of legal person and the legislative practices in various states, there exists a grave flaw in any present theory about the construction of legal person. The neo - personification theory claims that corporation is a type of objective existence and the qualifying part of corporations as a legal person is a kind of personification. The object of subjectification of a legal person is a normally natural person, that is, the natural person with complete capacity for intention and behavior, instead of the ‘disabled＇ in the traditional theory of personification. The neo - personification theory corresponds to the law and reality of legal person as well as the logic, and is therefore a thorough one. It can avoid the limitation of the traditional theory of personification and that of realism, and is beneficial to the construction of legal - person system as well as to the realization of its value. The theory reveals the instrumental nature of legal person from a philosophical perspective and provides a jurisprudential basis for the perfection of limited liabilities of legal person.